Flashcard word list
Social Science — words for history, economics and society
120 words
How this list was built
These 120 words are the Social Science vocabulary in Reach120's bank, chosen from the 135 words tagged with this subject. 107 of them were mined from Reach120's own 2026-format passages, talks and question stems, and the least common of those still appears in 2 separate documents. The other 13 are not in our content at all: they come from Reach120's curated academic list or were added to close a gap in the general academic core, and they carry no document count because there is nothing to count. Reach120 wrote this practice material for the 2026 format — it is not ETS content, and any band figure beside it is a Reach120-scored estimate, not an ETS score.
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Every word in this list
interactionnoun
communication or activity between two or more parties.
B2educationnoun
Process of teaching and learning, usually in school.
B1communitynoun
A group of people living in the same area or sharing interests.
B1leadverb
guide or direct a group of people or activity.
B1shareverb
give a portion of something to others.
B1socialadjective
relating to society or interaction among people.
B1citynoun
large town where many people live and work.
B1feelverb
experience emotion or physical sensation
B1peernoun
person of same age, status, or ability as another
B2crowdnoun
large group of people gathered together.
B1ordinaryadjective
normal and not special or unusual.
B1familynoun
group of people related by blood or marriage.
B1individualnoun
single person considered separately
B1governmentnoun
group that officially rules a country
B1valuenoun
the worth, importance, or usefulness of something
B1humanadjective
relating to people rather than animals or machines.
B1teachernoun
person who helps others learn
B1residentnoun
person living permanently in a place
B2communicationnoun
exchange of information between people
B1medianoun
Means of mass communication like TV, radio, internet.
B1reportnoun
a written or spoken account describing something in detail
B1connectverb
to join or link two or more things together
B1publicadjective
relating to or open for use by people in general
B1schoolnoun
an institution where children go to learn
B1fairadjective
treating people equally and justly
B1agenoun
number of years someone has lived
B1differencenoun
way in which two things are not the same
B1ethicaladjective
morally correct or relating to principles of right conduct
B2relationshipnoun
way two people or things are connected
B1rideverb
travel in or on a vehicle or animal
B1debatenoun
formal discussion where opposing views are argued.
B1generationnoun
group of people born around same time.
B1societynoun
large group of people living together in community.
B1agreeverb
have the same opinion as someone else
B1institutionnoun
large organization founded for a particular purpose, such as education
B2responsibilitynoun
A duty to deal with something or take care of someone.
B1townnoun
A place with houses and buildings, smaller than a city.
B1controlverb
To have power over how something behaves or operates.
B1networknoun
system of connected parts, people, or computers
B1policynoun
official plan of action agreed by an organization
B1culturenoun
customs, beliefs, and way of life of a group
B1factnoun
something known to be true
B1bodynoun
the entire physical structure of a person or animal
B1voicenoun
sound produced by a person when speaking or singing
B1citizennoun
Legally recognized member of a particular country or state.
B1sitenoun
particular location where something is or happens
B1urbanadjective
relating to cities or towns rather than countryside
B2countrynoun
nation with its own government and territory
B1relativenoun
person connected to another by blood or marriage
B1decisionnoun
A choice or conclusion reached after consideration.
B1growthnoun
The process of increasing in size, number, or development.
B1responsibleadjective
Having a duty to deal with or take care of something.
B1saferadjective
Less likely to cause harm or danger than an alternative.
B1securitynoun
state of being protected from danger or threat
B1parentnoun
mother or father of a child
B1contactnoun
communication or connection between people
B1loudadjective
producing a strong, noticeable sound.
B1actionnoun
act of doing something for a particular purpose.
B1steerverb
guide the direction of a vehicle or process
B2strangeadjective
unusual or unfamiliar in a surprising way
B1votenoun
Formal choice made to select a candidate or decide an issue.
B1witnessnoun
Person who sees an event happen and can describe it.
B2nationnoun
Large group of people organized under one government in a country.
B1bonenoun
hard tissue that forms the skeleton
B1politicaladjective
relating to government, public affairs, or policy
B1neighborhoodnoun
District or area within a town or city.
B1officialadjective
Relating to authority, or a person holding public position.
B1strictadjective
demanding that rules be obeyed exactly
B1vocabularynoun
set of words known or used by a person or in a language
B1surveynoun
study that gathers opinions or data from many people
B1anthropologistnoun
A scientist who studies human societies and cultures.
C1interviewnoun
formal meeting where questions are asked to assess someone
B1partnershipnoun
relationship in which two or more parties work together toward shared goals
B1sisternoun
girl or woman who shares the same parents as another person
B1womannoun
adult female human being
B1authoritynoun
power to give orders or make decisions
B2conflictnoun
serious disagreement or clash between opposing sides
B1demonstrationnoun
public gathering showing opinion about an issue
B1digverb
to break or move earth using tools or hands
B1imposeverb
force a rule or burden onto others
B2independentadjective
not controlled or influenced by others
B1influencenoun
The power to affect someone's actions, beliefs, or decisions.
B1instinctnoun
A natural tendency to act without conscious thought or reasoning.
B2internationaladjective
Involving two or more countries.
B1literacynoun
The ability to read and write.
B2nationaladjective
relating to a whole country
B1obligationnoun
duty someone must fulfill
B2originnoun
point where something begins
B2plannernoun
Person or tool that organizes future activities or schedules.
B1procedurenoun
Official or accepted way of doing a particular task.
B1proofnoun
Evidence that shows something is true.
B1spareadjective
extra and available for use if needed
B1subtlyadverb
in a way that is not obvious or easy to notice
C1supporternoun
person who backs or favors a cause or team
B1traditionnoun
custom passed down through generations
B1twentiethadjective
coming after nineteen others in order
B1unfairadjective
not treating people equally or justly
B1weighverb
Measure how heavy something is.
B1youthnoun
Period of life when someone is young.
B1aidnoun
Help or support given to someone in need.
B1influencernoun
A person who affects others' opinions, especially online.
B2mothernoun
female parent of child.
B1silknoun
soft smooth fabric made from fibers spun by certain insects.
B1archaeologistnoun
scientist who studies ancient human remains and objects.
B2eyewitnessnoun
person who personally saw an event happen
B2generationaladjective
relating to a group of people born around the same time
C1milknoun
white liquid produced by mammals to feed their young
B1advocacynoun
Public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy
C1amendverb
to make small changes to a document or law to improve it.
B2assimilateverb
To absorb and integrate people, ideas, or culture into a wider society
C1attitudenoun
a person's settled way of thinking or feeling about something
B1autonomynoun
The right or condition of self-government; freedom from external control
C1bureaucracynoun
A system of government where most decisions are made by officials rather than elected representatives
C1civiladjective
relating to ordinary citizens or their legal rights, not military or religious matters
B2clausenoun
a distinct section within a legal document or sentence.
B2cohesionnoun
The action or fact of forming a united whole
C1consensusnoun
A general agreement among a group of people
C1demographicadjective
Relating to the structure of populations
C1disparitynoun
A great difference between things
C1egalitarianadjective
Relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal
C2